The aim of the present study is to use Robert Louis Stevenson's works as an hermeneutical model to reconsider part of the story of the Latin American literature during the twentieth century. The study is a comparison between Stevenson’s theorical and fictional works and those of Bioy Casares, Borges and Cortázar from 1935 to 1955, evidencing similar literary strategies. This work adopts a comparatist perspective inspired by world literature, and intends to reconstruct the esthetic, social and historical contexts that allow a new reading of well-known authors.